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<title>Islamization of knowledge</title>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Islamization of Knowledge. For the 1981 book, see <a href="Islamization_of_Knowledge_(book)" title="Islamization of Knowledge (book)">Islamization of Knowledge (book)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #007a3dff; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Shahada" title="Shahada"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Fundamentals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Islamism" title="History of Islamism">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Politics</a></li>

<li><a href="Islam_and_secularism" title="Islam and secularism">Secularism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li>

<li><a href="International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">International propagation</a></li>

<li><a href="International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region">By region</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Deobandi_movement" title="Deobandi movement">Deobandi movement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_Principlism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Principlism in Iran">Shia Islamism</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_nationalism" title="Islamic nationalism">Islamic nationalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy in Islam</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Takfir" title="Takfir">Takfir</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_governance" title="Islamic governance">Islamic governance</a></li>

<li><a href="Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Islamic liberalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a>

<ul><li><a href="Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Spread of Islam</a> ()</li>

<li><i><a href="Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_Islam" title="Political Islam">Political Islam</a>

<ul><li><a href="Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">aspects</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shura" title="Shura">Shura</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Influences</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Anti-communism#Islam" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-imperialism#Islamist_anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Scholastic</b>

<ul><li><a href="Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li>

<li><a href="Dawat-e-Islami" title="Dawat-e-Islami">Dawat-e-Islami</a></li>

<li><a href="Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li>

<li><a href="Nur_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur movement">Nurcu</a></li>

<li><a href="Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li>

<li><a href="Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li>

<li><a href="International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">International propagation</a></li>

<li><a href="International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region">by country/region</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<p><b>Political</b>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Salafist_Front" title="Salafist Front">Salafist Front</a></li>

<li><a href="Salafist_Call" title="Salafist Call">Salafist Call</a></li>

<li><a href="Movement_of_Society_for_Peace" title="Movement of Society for Peace">Movement of Society for Peace</a></li>

<li><a href="Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_of_Democratic_Action" title="Party of Democratic Action">Party of Democratic Action</a></li>

<li><a href="Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li>

<li><a href="Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li>

<li><a href="Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">List of Islamic political parties</a></li></ul>

<p><b>Militant</b>

</p>

<ul><li>Militant Islamism based in

<ul><li>MENA region</li>

<li>South Asia</li>

<li>Southeast Asia</li>

<li>Sub-Saharan Africa</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Key texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Caliphate_or_the_Supreme_Imamate_(book)" title="The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)">The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate</a></i> (<a href="Muhammad_Rashid_Rida" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rashid Rida">Rashīd Rīďha 1922</a>)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam" title="The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam">Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam</a></i> (<a href="Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal 1930s</a>)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Principles_of_State_and_Government_in_Islam" title="The Principles of State and Government in Islam">Principles of State and Government</a></i> (<a href="Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Asad 1961</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Milestones_(book)" title="Milestones (book)"><i>Ma'alim fi al-Tariq</i> ("Milestones")</a> (<a href="Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb 1965</a>)</li>

<li><i><a href="Islamic_Government%3A_Governance_of_the_Jurist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist"><i>Islamic Government: <br>Governance of the Jurist</i> ("Velayat-e faqih")</a></i> (<a href="Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini 1970</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Heads of state</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li>

<li><a href="Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li>

<li><a href="Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li>

<li><a href="Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li>

<li><a href="Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a></li>

<li><a href="Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li>

<li><a href="Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li>

<li><a href="Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li>

<li><a href="Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a></li>

<li><a href="House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">House of Saud</a></li>

<li><a href="House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">House of Thani</a></li>

<li><a href="Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li>

<li><a href="Sadiq_al-Mahdi" title="Sadiq al-Mahdi">Sadiq al-Mahdi</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Key ideologues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Abu_Hamza_al-Masri" title="Abu Hamza al-Masri">Abu Hamza al-Masri</a></li>

<li><a href="Rabee_al-Madkhali" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li>

<li><a href="Jam%C4%81l_al-D%C4%ABn_al-Afgh%C4%81n%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī">Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī</a></li>

<li><a href="Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li>

<li><a href="Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a></li>

<li><a href="Rached_Ghannouchi" title="Rached Ghannouchi">Rached Ghannouchi</a></li>

<li><a href="Safwat_Hegazi" title="Safwat Hegazi">Safwat Hegazi</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li>

<li><a href="Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li>

<li><a href="Necip_Faz%C4%B1l_K%C4%B1sak%C3%BCrek" title="Necip Fazıl Kısakürek">Necip Fazıl Kısakürek</a></li>

<li><a href="Abul_A'la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a></li>

<li><a href="Abul_Hasan_Nadwi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Hasan Nadwi">Abul Hasan Nadwi</a></li>

<li><a href="Taqi_al-Din_al-Nabhani" title="Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani">Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani</a></li>

<li><a href="Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a></li>

<li><a href="Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li>

<li><a href="Tariq_Ramadan" title="Tariq Ramadan">Tariq Ramadan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ata_Abu_Rashta" title="Ata Abu Rashta">Ata Abu Rashta</a></li>

<li><a href="Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li>

<li><a href="Navvab_Safavi" title="Navvab Safavi">Navvab Safavi</a></li>

<li><a href="Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Ali Shariati</a></li>

<li><a href="Haji_Shariatullah" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a></li>

<li><a href="Hassan_Al-Turabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Al-Turabi">Hassan Al-Turabi</a></li>

<li><a href="Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #007a3dff; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberal and reform movements within Islam</a>

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<p><br>

The <b><a href="Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> of Knowledge</b> (also abbreviated as <b>IoK</b>) is a conceptual framework originating from Islamic philosophy, advocating for the integration of Islamic teachings with modern academic disciplines, such as the social sciences, management sciences, humanities, sciences, engineering, and technology. This model emphasizes that all knowledge and scientific inquiry should align with the principles of Islam, aiming to foster a holistic understanding of the world through an Islamic worldview.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes aligning ethical principles and scientific practices with Islamic teachings to address contemporary issues.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2></div>

<p>The Islamization of Knowledge traces its roots to the 1977 <a href="Makkah" class="mw-redirect" title="Makkah">Makkah</a> conference,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an influential event that initiated a dialogue among Islamic intellectuals regarding the role of Islam in shaping knowledge in the modern world.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these intellectuals, <a href="Ismail_al-Faruqi" title="Ismail al-Faruqi"> Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi</a> played a pivotal role in formalizing and articulating the concept. Al-Faruqi expressed concerns about the secularization of knowledge in Muslim societies,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describing it as "the malaise of the <i>ummah</i>" (Muslim community). He argued that reliance on Western tools and analytical methods often led to breaches of Islamic ethics and a disconnect with the ecological and social realities of Muslim nations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Al-Faruqi advocated for the revival of methods used in early Muslim philosophy, the restoration of <i><a href="Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">ijtihad</a></i> (independent reasoning), and the integration of scientific methodologies within the boundaries of Islam. His theoretical framework and work plan for this concept were outlined in his 1982 book, <i>Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan</i>, which remains a foundational reference.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles_and_frameworks">Principles and frameworks</h2></div>

<p>The Islamization of Knowledge emphasizes the integration of Islamic teachings with modern disciplines by critiquing and re-evaluating contemporary fields through an Islamic perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ismail al-Faruqi’s 12-step work plan systematically integrates Islamic principles with modern disciplines. It focuses on mastery of modern sciences, understanding Islamic knowledge in various fields, and establishing the relevance of Islamic values to contemporary academic disciplines. Al-Faruqi's approach critiques Western epistemologies and recasts them within an Islamic worldview, harmonizing ethical and intellectual pursuits with the tenets of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In Southeast Asia, <a href="Syed_Muhammad_Naquib_al-Attas" title="Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas">Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas</a> developed a complementary framework. He emphasized linguistic and philosophical foundations, focusing on the role of <i>adab</i> (proper conduct) and the metaphysical aspects of knowledge. His contributions shaped the curricula of institutions like ISTAC, which he helped establish.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Abdullah Berghout, a contemporary scholar, proposed a quality-management system model for Islamization, incorporating Islamic perspectives into modern academic disciplines. His framework emphasizes input, procedure, output, and feedback, focusing on intellectual, psychomotor, and affective domains, with particular emphasis on the affective domain.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The implementation of Islamization involves steps such as mastering modern disciplines, analyzing their history and development, mastering Islamic legacy, and critically evaluating modern knowledge from an Islamic perspective. It includes synthesizing Islamic and modern knowledge and reformulating these disciplines within an Islamic framework.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_critiques">Reception and critiques</h2></div>

<p>Supporters argue that the Islamization of Knowledge enables Muslims to maintain their religious identity in a secular world while benefiting from modern advancements.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics, however, highlight potential risks, such as conflating religion with science, restricting academic freedom, and imposing a single interpretation of Islam on diverse Muslim societies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_and_legacy">Impact and legacy</h2></div>

<p>The concept has significantly influenced academic institutions such as the <a href="International_Institute_of_Islamic_Thought" title="International Institute of Islamic Thought">International Institute of Islamic Thought</a> (IIIT), which advances research on Islamic epistemology and interdisciplinary studies.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, institutions like IIUM have implemented integrated curricula combining Islamic values with modern disciplines, serving as models for others globally.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_advice_literature" title="Islamic advice literature">Islamic advice literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a></li>

<li><a href="Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Early Islamic philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Torah_Umadda" title="Torah Umadda">Torah Umadda</a>, a philosophy concerning the interrelationship of secular knowledge and Jewish knowledge</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal2006" class="citation book cs1">Rosenthal, Franz (2006). <i>Knowledge Triumphant: The Concept of Knowledge in Medieval Islam</i>. Boston; Leiden: Brill.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaiwada1997" class="citation journal cs1">Maiwada, Danjuma A. (1997). "Islamization of Knowledge: Background and Scope". <i>The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences</i>. <b>14</b> (2).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ahmed, Mohammad Kaosar (2014). "Perspectives on the Discourse of Islamization of Education". <i>American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences</i>. <b>2</b> (1). <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11634%2F232907811402449">10.11634/232907811402449</a> (inactive 12 July 2025).</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFal-Faruqi1982" class="citation book cs1">al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji (1982). <i>Islam: Source and Purpose of Knowledge: Proceedings and Selected Papers of Second Conference on Islamization of Knowledge</i>. IIIT.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAhsan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ahsan, Muhammad Amimul (2013). "Islamization of Knowledge: An Agenda for Muslim Intellectuals". <i>Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management</i>. <b>13</b> (10).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFal-Faruqi1982" class="citation book cs1">al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji (1982). <i>Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan</i>. IIIT.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStenberg1986" class="citation journal cs1">Stenberg, Leif (1986). "Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Ziauddin Sardar on Islam and Science: marginalization or modernization of a religious tradition". <i>Social Epistemology</i>. <b>10</b> (10).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMadani2016" class="citation journal cs1">Madani, Rehaf A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24035%2Fijit.09.2016.006">"Islamization of Science"</a>. <i>International Journal of Islamic Thought</i>. <b>9</b>: <span class="nowrap">51–</span>63. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24035%2Fijit.09.2016.006">10.24035/ijit.09.2016.006</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152202681">152202681</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMusa2021" class="citation book cs1">Musa, Mohd Faizal (2021). <i>Naquib Al-Attas' Islamization of Knowledge: Its Impact on Malay Religious Life, Literature, Language, and Culture</i>. Singapore: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBerghout2011" class="citation journal cs1">Berghout, Abdullah (2011). "Islamisation in Modern Sciences: The Way Forward". <i>Revelation and Science</i>. <b>1</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">21–</span>34.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMadani2016" class="citation journal cs1">Madani, Rehaf A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24035%2Fijit.09.2016.006">"Islamization of Science"</a>. <i>International Journal of Islamic Thought</i>. <b>9</b>: <span class="nowrap">51–</span>63. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24035%2Fijit.09.2016.006">10.24035/ijit.09.2016.006</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152202681">152202681</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSaqeb2000" class="citation journal cs1">Saqeb, Ghulam Nabi (2000). "Some Reflections on Islamization of Education Since 1977 Makkan Conference: Accomplishments, Failures, and Tasks Ahead". <i>Intellectual Discourse</i>. <b>8</b> (1).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Affendi2001" class="citation book cs1">El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (2001). <i>Rethinking Islam and Modernity: Essays in Honour of Fathi Osman</i>. Islamic Texts Society.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStenberg1986" class="citation journal cs1">Stenberg, Leif (1986). "Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Ziauddin Sardar on Islam and Science: marginalization or modernization of a religious tradition". <i>Social Epistemology</i>. <b>10</b> (10).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSardarJeremy_Henzell-Thomas2018" class="citation book cs1">Sardar, Ziauddin; Jeremy Henzell-Thomas (2018). <i>Books-In-Brief: Rethinking Reform in Higher Education: From Islamization to Integration of Knowledge</i>. International Institute of Islamic Thought.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iiit.org/en/about-us/">"About Us"</a>. International Institute of Islamic Thought<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSinanović2016" class="citation web cs1">Sinanović, Ermin (April 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsn.aarweb.org/spotlight-on/theo-ed/islamic-theology/international-institute-islamic-thought-and-its-role-promoting-islamic-studies">"International Institute of Islamic Thought and Its Role in Promoting Islamic Studies at Theological Seminaries"</a>. Religious Studies News.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>Ibrahim Ragab, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibrahimragab.com">The Islamization of Social Sciences</a></li>

<li>Alan Godlas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uga.edu/islam/islamwest.html#Liberal,">Liberal and progressive Islam</a>, University of Georgia</li>

<li>Imtiyaz Yusuf (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/YUSIAK">Islam and Knowledge: Al Faruqi's Concept of Religion in Islamic Thought</a> (2012)</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ismail_al-Faruqi95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dceef5;"><div id="Ismail_al-Faruqi95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Ismail_al-Faruqi" title="Ismail al-Faruqi">Ismail al-Faruqi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dceef5;;width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lois_Lamya_al-Faruqi" title="Lois Lamya al-Faruqi">Lois Lamya al-Faruqi</a> (wife)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dceef5;;width:1%">Close Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wilfred_Cantwell_Smith" title="Wilfred Cantwell Smith">Wilfred Cantwell Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Fazlur_Rahman_Malik" title="Fazlur Rahman Malik">Fazlur Rahman Malik</a></li>

<li><a href="Taha_Jabir_Alalwani" title="Taha Jabir Alalwani">Taha Jabir Alalwani</a></li>

<li><a href="Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dceef5;;width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Temple_University" title="Temple University">Temple University</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Academy_of_Religion" title="American Academy of Religion">American Academy of Religion</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Islamic_College" title="American Islamic College">American Islamic College</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Institute_of_Islamic_Thought" title="International Institute of Islamic Thought">International Institute of Islamic Thought</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dceef5;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Murder_of_the_Faruqis" title="Murder of the Faruqis">Murder of the Faruqis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dceef5;;width:1%">Notable Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Urubah_and_Religion" title="Urubah and Religion"> On Arabism: Urubah and Religion</a></i> (1962)</li>

<li><i><a href="Christian_Ethics_(book)" title="Christian Ethics (book)">Christian Ethics</a></i> (1968)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Islam_and_the_Problem_of_Israel" title="Islam and the Problem of Israel">Islam and the Problem of Israel</a></i> (1980)</li>

<li><i>The Hijrah: The Necessity of Its Iqamat or Vergegenwartigung</i> (1981)</li>

<li><i><a href="Islamization_of_Knowledge_(book)" title="Islamization of Knowledge (book)"> Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan</a></i> (1981)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Later Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Al-Tawhid%3A_Its_Implications_for_Thought_and_Life" title="Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life">Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life</a></i> (1982)</li>

<li><i>Toward Islamic English</i> (1982)</li>

<li><i>Trialogue of Abrahamic Faiths</i> (1982)</li>

<li><i>Divine Transcendence and Its Expression</i> (1983)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Cultural_Atlas_of_Islam" title="The Cultural Atlas of Islam">The Cultural Atlas of Islam</a></i> (1986)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dceef5;;width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Urubah_and_Religion" title="Urubah and Religion">Urubah (Arabism)</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta-religion" title="Meta-religion">Meta-religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dceef5;;width:1%">Related Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary Islamic philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Interfaith_dialogue" title="Interfaith dialogue">Interfaith dialogue</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Islamic ethics</a></li></ul>

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